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Point defects in crystalline solids
1. Point defects-or zero-dimensional defects. (0-D)
2. Line defects-the line not necessarily straigt-referred to as dislocations
3. Surface defects-boundary between two orderly regions of a crystal
4. Bulk defects-inhomogeneity in the shape or structure of the solid; void cracks, inclusions
Point defects have the volume of atomic dimensions: Examples are: foreign atoms, vacant lattice sites, extra or missing electrons. The most common are:
a) Substitutional impurity atoms (usually large)
b) Interstitial impurity atoms (usually small)
c) Vacancies (missing atoms)
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