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Introduction

Structure

Sample Preparation

Measurements

Equipments

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Structure of the crystals

All the crystals are not perfect in structure. We will present 4 types of defects in the crystals' structure.

1. Point defects- zero-dimensional imperfections

2. Line defects-one dimensional imperfections

3. Surface defects- two-dimensional or planar defects

4. Bulk defects- three dimensional imperfections