Point Defects -Â zero-dimensional imperfections
Point defects have the volume of atomic dimensions: Examples are: foreign atoms, vacant lattice sites, extra or missing electrons. The most common are:
a) Substitutional impurity atoms (usually large)
b) Interstitial impurity atoms (usually small)
c) Vacancies (missing atoms)
        
          interstitial defects                                    Vacancies
 Â
  Â
          Substitutional impurity atoms